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Chán

By Tao Xue - China, 781–832
Beginning | Nature, Insects

露 滌 音 清 遠,
Lù dí yīn qīng yuǎn,
風 吹 故 葉 齊。
fēng chuī gù yè qí.
聲 聲 似 相 接,
Shēng shēng shì xiāng jiē,
各 在 一 枝 棲。

Translator’s Glossary

CHARACTER
PINYIN
DEFINITION
POSSIBLE SYNONYMS
chán (n.) leaping, chirping insect cicada, cricket, grasshopper
chuī (v.) to move in a way that creates an air current blows, gusts, blusters
dí (v.) to wrinkle and contract shriveled, dried up, withered
fēng (n.) the perceptible natural movement of the air wind, breeze, gust, airstream, current of air
gè (pron.) used to refer to the total of two or more people or things, regarded and identified separately each, all, each and every, the whole lot
gù (adj.) having the characteristics or showing the signs of age old, decaying, crumbling, frayed, disintegrating
lù (n.) water droplets on cool outdoor surfaces dew, water droplets
qí (v.) to become linked or connected to come together, join, link, unite, team up with
qī (v.) to alight or rest on something, especially something high or narrow perching, roosting, resting on something (like a bird in a tree)
qīng (adj.) perfect and unblemished clear, pure, clean, untainted
聲聲 shēng shēng (v.) to shed tears audibly cries, weeps
shì (prep.) indicates characteristics; resembling as if, is like, are like, similar to, such as
相接 xiāng jiē (v.) to intermingle join, come together, join each other, blend, bring together, merge
yè (n.) parts of a plant that grow from a stem leaves, foliage
yī (adj.) used to distinguish one from another one, solitary, singular
yīn (n.) distinct kind of sound tone, sound
yuǎn (adj.) not physically close far away, distant, remote, far- off, far
zài (prep.) indicates position is on, lying on, resting on
zhī (n.) part of a tree that grows out of the trunk branch, bough, limb

Artistic Elements

I. About Quatrains

A quatrain is a four-line stanza, rhyming with various forms for example:

ABAC or ABCB (known as unbounded or ballad quatrain), as in Samuel Taylor
Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.”

It is an ancient Mariner,
And he stoppeth one of three.
Now wherefore stopp’st thou me?
The Bridegroom’s doors are opened wide
And I am next of kin
The guests are met, the feast is set:
May’st hear the merry din.

AABB (a double couplet); see A.E. Housman’s “To an Athlete Dying Young.”

The time you won your town the race
We chaired you through the market-place;
Man and boy stood cheering by.
And home we brought you shoulder-high
Today the road all runner come,
Shoulder-high we bring you home.
And set you at your threshold down,
Townsman of a stiller town.

Bio

Xuē Tāo is one of the few known female poets from the Chinese Tang dynasty—a period that lasted from 618 to 907 AD. Xuē was taught to write poetry at the age of eight by her father, a minor official in the Tang dynasty. Sadly, he died while she was still a child. The regional military governor was impressed with her wit and intelligence and made her his official hostess, which allowed her to meet the famous poets of the time. Xuē was a great calligrapher and invented a new type of writing paper used for recording poems. The Wangjiang Tower, over one hundred feet tall, was built in her memory and is a popular tourist destination overlooking the Jin River in Chengdu, Sichuan. The poem shown here was probably written during her childhood.

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